cram

cram
\ \ [OE] Prehistoric Germanic had a base *kram-, *krem- which denoted ‘compression’ or ‘bending’. Among its descendants were Old Norse kremja ‘squeeze, pinch’, German krumm ‘crooked’ (source of English crumhorn [17], a curved Renaissance musical instrument), and Old English crammian (ancestor of cram), which meant ‘press something into something else, stuff’. An extension of the base with p (*kramp-, *kremp-) produced Middle Low German and Middle Dutch krampe ‘bent’, one or other of which was borrowed by Old French as crampe and passed on to English as cramp [14] (crampon [15] comes from a related source).
\ \ Other products of the Germanic base were Old English crumb ‘crooked’, a possible ancestor of crumpet, and perhaps crimp [17]. A nonnasalized version of the base produced Germanic *krappon ‘hook’, source of grape and grapnel.
\ \ Cf.⇒ CRAMPON, CRIMP, CRUMHORN, CRUMPET, GRAPE, GRAPNEL

Word origins - 2ed. . 2005.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу
Synonyms:
, , , , , , , , , / , , , / , ,


Look at other dictionaries:

  • cram — cram·a·sie; cram·ber·ry; cram·bi·dae; cram·ble; cram·bling; cram·bo; cram·bus; cram·mer; cram·pon; cram·pon·née; cyn·o·cram·ba·ce·ae; cyn·o·cram·be; cram; cram·be; cram·bid; cram·oi·sie; cram·a·sy; cram·mel; cram·po·née; cram·poon;… …   English syllables

  • CRAM — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Donald J. Cram (1919–2001), US amerikanischer Chemiker George F. Cram (1842–1928), US amerikanischer Offizier, Firmengründer und Verleger George Henry Cram (1838–1872), Brigadegeneral im Sezessionskrieg… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • cram in — ˌcram ˈin ˌcram ˈinto [transitive] [present tense I/you/we/they cram in he/she/it crams in present participle …   Useful english dictionary

  • Cram — may refer to: Cram (surname), a surname, and list of notable persons having the surname Cram (game show), a TV game show that aired on the Game Show Network Cram (Middle earth), a fictional type of bread in J. R. R. Tolkien s Middle earth… …   Wikipedia

  • Cram — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Donald J. Cram (1919–2001), US amerikanischer Chemiker George F. Cram (1842–1928), US amerikanischer Offizier, Firmengründer und Verleger George Henry Cram (1838–1872), Brigadegeneral im Sezessionskrieg… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • cram — [kræm] v past tense and past participle crammed present participle cramming [: Old English; Origin: crammian] 1.) [T always + adverb/preposition] to force something into a small space cram sth into/onto etc sth ▪ Jill crammed her clothes into the …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • Cram — (kr[a^]m), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Crammed} (kr[a^]md); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cramming}.] [AS. crammian to cram; akin to Icel. kremja to squeeze, bruise, Sw. krama to press. Cf. {Cramp}.] 1. To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Cram — (Барселона,Испания) Категория отеля: 4 звездочный отель Адрес: Aribau, 54, Эшампле, 08011 Барсе …   Каталог отелей

  • Cram — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. {{{image}}}   Sigles d une seule lettre   Sigles de deux lettres   Sigles de trois lettres …   Wikipédia en Français

  • cram — [ kræm ] verb * 1. ) transitive to put people or things into a space that is too small: cram something into/in/under something: The sacks of rice were crammed under a huge table. Guards cram 40 prisoners into cells designed for 12. cram something …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • Cram —   [kræm], Donald James, amerikanischer Chemiker, * Chester (Vermont) 22. 4. 1919, ✝Palm Desert (Calif.) 17. 6. 2001; seit 1950 Professor an der University of California in Los Angeles. Seine Forschungen betrafen v. a. die zu Beginn der 60er Jahre …   Universal-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”