sap

sap
\ \ English has three distinct words sap. The oldest, ‘plant-juice’ [OE], goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *sappam, which also produced German saftjuice’. This in turn was a descendant of Indo-European *sapon-, from which came Latin sapanew wine’. Sapundermine’ [16] was borrowed via French saper from Italian zappare, which may have been ultimately of Arabic origin. Its original literal sense ‘dig a trench or tunnel underneath in order to attack’ has now been largely superseded by the metaphorical ‘weaken’, which has been heavily influenced by sapplant-juice’ (from the notion of ‘draining sap from a plant’). The colloquial sapfool’ [19] may be short for an earlier sapskull, a compound formed from sap in the now seldom heard sense ‘sapwood’ – hence ‘wooden head’.

Word origins - 2ed. . 2005.

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Synonyms:
(of a plant), ,


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